Javanese Language belongs to the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) family, Indonesian group, and is spoken by over 80 million people not only in Indonesia, but also in Suriname. In Indonesia Javanese is spoken in Java, particularly in central and east Java, and on the north coast of West Java, and in Madura, Bali, Lombok, and in the Sunda region of West Java. The Javanese dialect spoken in Yogyakarta (Jogja) or Surakarta (Solo) in central Java is considered the standard Javanese because they were, historically speaking, the capital cities of the Javanese culture. It is actually a multi-level language where the level spoken is in direct relationship to the social status or politeness required between the individual speakers.
In other words, Javanese is known for having two "status styles" of expression: regular (Ngoko) and respect (Krama, pronounced "kromo"). There are about 900 Krama words that are used in a respect style. In addition, about 500 modesty (Krama Inggil) words can be mixed into the regular or respect styles. There are also a smaller number of middle (Madya, pronounced "madyo") words that sit between the regular and respect styles. The language of religion is called "Jawa Halus" (High Javanese) and many words are based on Sanskrit and Kawi, an old literary language.
Javanese was used as the court language in Palembang, South Sumatra until the late 18th century and has been used as a literary language for over a millenium. It currently has no official status though is recognised as a regional language in Central Java, Yogyakarta, and East Java. It is taught in some schools, and there are some radio and TV programmes in Javanese, as well as a number of magazines. It means that until now, Javanese Language is still important to be learned in order to conserve Javanese Language existence and to keep good interaction by using Javanese Language and its beauty among Javanese.
In other words, Javanese is known for having two "status styles" of expression: regular (Ngoko) and respect (Krama, pronounced "kromo"). There are about 900 Krama words that are used in a respect style. In addition, about 500 modesty (Krama Inggil) words can be mixed into the regular or respect styles. There are also a smaller number of middle (Madya, pronounced "madyo") words that sit between the regular and respect styles. The language of religion is called "Jawa Halus" (High Javanese) and many words are based on Sanskrit and Kawi, an old literary language.
Javanese was used as the court language in Palembang, South Sumatra until the late 18th century and has been used as a literary language for over a millenium. It currently has no official status though is recognised as a regional language in Central Java, Yogyakarta, and East Java. It is taught in some schools, and there are some radio and TV programmes in Javanese, as well as a number of magazines. It means that until now, Javanese Language is still important to be learned in order to conserve Javanese Language existence and to keep good interaction by using Javanese Language and its beauty among Javanese.
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